MAMA Indicators
To determine the effectiveness of the MAMA program, indicators were developed. These indicators will be used to identify whether MAMA achieves selected outcomes.
Table 1: Short Term Outcome Indicators
Outcome | Indicator | Question | How measured |
Short term (0-6 months) | |||
Increase percentage of women attending at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit | A 10% point increase in the number of women enrolled in MAMA attending at least one ANC visit by 6 months | During your most recent pregnancy, did you attend antenatal care visits?
How many antenatal care visits have you attended? | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Increase knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy | A 30% point increase in the number of women enrolled in MAMA that can accurately identify the top 5 key danger signs of pregnancy by 6 months | Do you know what an at-risk pregnancy is?
List 5 danger signs of pregnancy -severe abdominal pain -vaginal bleeding -severe headache -any sudden swelling in hands, face, legs, feet -fainting and frequent dizziness -difficulty breathing and chest pain -high fever -lack of fetal movement
| Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Increase knowledge of immunization regiment | A 30% point increase in the number of women enrolled in MAMA that can accurately identify appropriate ages of immunization by 6 months | Have your children ever been immunized? If not, why? | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Increase knowledge of available health services | 98% of women enrolled in MAMA can accurately identify an accessible health clinic by 6 months | Do you know where you can go to see a health care professional?
Do you know how to get to a healthcare facility?
What is your main source of healthcare information? | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Table 2: Medium Term Outcome Indicators
Outcome | Indicator | Question | How measured |
Medium term (7-12 months) | |||
Increase percentage of women attending at least four ANC visits | A 5% point increase in the number of women enrolled MAMA attending at least four ANC visits by 12 months | During your most recent pregnancy, did you attend antenatal care visits?
How many antenatal care visits have you attended | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Increased number of births attended by a skilled birth attendant | A 10% point increase in the number of women enrolled in MAMA having a skilled birth attendant present at delivery by 12 months | Who would you want at your delivery?
If you’ve given birth in the last year, was your delivery attended by a skilled birth attendant?
Do you know anyone who is a skilled birth attendant?
Do you know where you could go to get a skilled birth attendant for your delivery?
If currently pregnant, do you plan on having a skilled birth attendant at your delivery? | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study
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Increase percentage of infants completing the first round of immunizations | A 12% point increase in the number of infants of MAMA participants completing their first round of immunizations by 12 months | If you bring your baby to a doctor within the first year of life, what do you expect from the health professional? | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Increase percentage of children attending well-child visit at one year of age | A 10% point increase in the number of children of MAMA participant attending well-child visit at one year of age by 12 months | If you bring your baby to a doctor within the first year of life, what do you expect from the health professional? | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Table 3: Long Term Outcome Indicators
Outcome | Indicator | Question | How measured |
Long term (13-24+ months) | |||
Decrease in maternal mortality (MMR) and infant mortality rates (IMR) | A 3% point decrease in MMR and IMR by 24 months | Have you ever lost a child during pregnancy?
Have you ever lost a child within the first year of life?
Was the death pregnancy related? ( Maternal death) | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study
Data collected from national statistics provided by Ministry of Health |
Increase percentage of children receiving all recommended immunizations for a child’s age | An 8% point increase in the number of children of MAMA participants receiving all recommended immunizations by 24 months | If you bring your baby to a doctor within the first year of life, what do you expect from the health professional? | Data collected through phone surveys of all three groups in the study |
Download the indicators.